Design CPU Description
A fair question to ask at this point is "How exactly does a CPU perform assigned chores?" This is accomplished by giving the CPU a fixed set of commands, or instructions, to work on. Keep in mind that CPU designers construct these processors using logic gates to execute these instructions. To keep the number of logic gates reasonably small, CPU designers must necessarily restrict the number and complexity of the commands the CPU recognizes. This small set of commands is the CPU's instruction set.
Programs in early (pre-Von Neumann) computer systems were often "hard-wired" into the circuitry. That is, the computer's wiring determined what problem the computer would solve. One had to rewire the circuitry in order to change the program. A very difficult task. The next advance in computer design was the programmable computer system, one that allowed a computer programmer to easily "rewire" the computer system using a sequence of sockets and plug wires. A computer program consisted of a set of rows of holes (sockets), each row representing one operation during the execution of the program. The programmer could select one of several instructions by plugging a wire into the particular socket for the desired instruction
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