The first step in designing a CPU is to determine its applications.
We don’t need anything as complicated as an Itanium microprocessor to control a microwave oven; a simple 4-bit processor would be powerful enough to handle this job. However, the same 4-bit processor would be woefully inadequate to power a personal computer. The key is to match the capabilities of the CPU to the tasks it will perform.
Once we have determined the tasks a CPU will perform, we must design an instruction set architecture capable of handling these tasks.
We select the instructions a programmer could use to write the application programs and the registers these instructions will use.
After this is done, we design the state diagram for the CPU.
We show the micro-operations performed during each state and the conditions that cause the CPU to go from one state to another. A CPU is just a complex finite state machine. By specifying the states and their micro-operations, we specify the steps the CPU must perform in order to fetch, decode, and execute every instruction in its instruction set.
CPU Circuit Design
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